The Coefficient of Inbreeding (COI) quantifies the probability that two alleles at any given locus in an individual are identical by descent—that is, inherited from a common ancestor. Expressed as a percentage, a COI of 0 % means the dog’s genome is completely free of recent shared ancestry, while a COI of 25 % indicates that, on average, one quarter of the dog’s genes come from the same ancestor on both sides of its family tree.
In practical terms, COI serves as a risk indicator: the higher the value, the greater the chance that recessive deleterious mutations will be expressed, potentially leading to health…
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